Thursday, October 8, 2009

Art of Fijian body painting

Art of Fijian body painting

www.fijilive.com

During war in the old days, warriors painted their faces and sometimes chests in mainly red or black colours.

Traditionally, the Fijians painted their face and bodies in a range of different colours and patterns, not only for cosmetic decoration but in terms of tribal warfare, when a more serious make over was called for!

An indigenous palette of red, yellow, black and white was used, which was later joined by blue and vermilion with the arrival of the Europeans in the 1800’s.

In fact vermilion had become equivalent to gold by the mid 19th century and the Fijians swapped baskets of the seafood delicacy, blanche-de-mer, with European traders for the valuable red pigment.

Black pigment was obtained from the soot of burnt candlenut or kauri resin, or from charcoal or fungus spores, then mixed with coconut and other oils.

Yellow was derived from a type of ginger root as well as turmeric.
For everyday decoration, faces were striped, zigzagged, spotted, bisected or plain black except for a red nose.

For wars, men would paint their faces and sometimes chests in mainly red or black – colours that were associated with battle, blood and death.

Tumeric was used to paint babies and women for the first three months of pregnancy and after the birth, until the baby was weaned.

During this time, a woman was sexually ‘tabu’ and if a man was found with traces of yellow on him, he was seriously teased!

Tumeric was also used for young boys’ puberty ceremonies or renaming ceremonies celebrating the first killing.

While men favoured red and black for war paint, the women preferred to use brighter colours or yellow, red and pink.

Fine black circles around the eyes were considered beautiful.

Before painting, skin was oiled and scented with coconut oil – a practice that many Fijian women still include as part of their beauty routine.

After the European settlers and missionaries arrived in Fiji, tribal warfare and rituals such as initiation tattooing were discouraged. Eventually, the practise of Fijian face and body decoration also disappeared.

Today, face painting is reserved for cultural performances only.

The romantic tale of the Tagimoucia

The romantic tale of the Tagimoucia

www.fijilive.com

The Tagimoucia is one of the rarest flowers in the world.

Nestling in a dormant volcano, the rare and lovely tagimoucia blooms on the fringe of Taveuni's remote lakes, four thousand feet above sea level.

One of the rarest flowers in the world, the tagimoucia or medinilla waterhousei, grows only on the island of Taveuni, home to lush rainforest, exotic ferns, orchids, rare palms and native trees.

Behind Fiji's unique, national flower, there is a legend - a Fijian legend full of South Seas romance. On the island of Taveuni there once lived a beautiful princess.

One day, she found out that she was to lose her lover because her father had betrothed her to an ugly, old man in the village.

In her anguish, she ran into the forest, where she wandered around for many hours before she found herself on the banks of an exquisite, jewel-like lake.

She was later to be discovered by a search party, weeping as she slept upon a bed of tangled, green vines.

As her tears rolled down her cheeks, they fell on to the stems of the plant and turned from salt into blood red flowers.

The group of men, send by her father to find her, named these flowers "tagimoucia" which means in Fijian "crying tears of despair."

And there they are to this day, for the people of Taveuni believe that this exquisite flower did indeed originate from the bitter tears shed by a young girl in love.

As for the princess, when she awoke from her nap she was delighted to find her lover by her side. Her father, feeling pity for his daughter, then allowed the young couple to marry and they lived happily every after on Taveuni - the "Garden Island of Fiji."

Common Fijian Phrases

Say It In Fijian

www.fijilive.com

No stay in Fiji is complete without learning some Fijian words. The best way for you to learn Fijian and Hindi is to converse with a local. Not only will you learn a new language, you will also make a lifelong friend. Here’s a few hints about pronunciation - an essential part of Fijian and Hindi. The vowels in the Fijian language are pronounced the same as in English but the Fijian language also comprises of the following consonants - b is mb as in bamboo, c is th as in that, d is nd as in candy, j is ch as in church, g is ng as in singing, q is ngg as in great. In Hindi, the vowels are pronounced as follows: a is long as in master; e is long as in wet, I is pronounced as e like reef, o as in wow, u as in run.

Here are just some words that you might want to try out:

EnglishFijian
Hello (casual)Bula (Boo-lah)
Hello (formal)Ni sa bula (Nee Sah Boo-lah)
Good morning Ni sa yadra (Nee Sah Yarn-drah)
PleaseKerekere (Cayraycayray)
Thank you/goodVinaka (vee-nakha)
YesIo (ee-oh)
NoSega (Seng-gah)
EatKana (kah-nah)
Lady/womanMarama (Mmah-raam-mah)
ManTuraga
Child(Too-rang-gah)
Gone (Ngo-ne)
SmallLailai (Lie-lie)
LargeLevu (Lay-voo)
A little Vakalailai
(Vah-car-lie-lie)
A lotVakalevu
(Vah-car-lay-voo)
QuicklyVakatotolo
(Vah-car-toe-toe-low)
SlowlyVakamalua
(Vah-car-mah-loo-ah)
House Vale/bure(Val-lay/Boo-ray)
ToiletValelailai
(Vah-lay-lie-lie)
ComeLako mai
(Lah-koh my)
Go away Lako tani
(lah-ko-tah-nee)
Goodbye (informal) Moce(Mow-they)
Bring it Kauta mai
Take it away(Cow-tah my)
Kauta tani(Cow-tah-tah-nee)
One moreDua tale (Doo-ah tah-ley)
OneDua (Doo-ah)
TwoRua (Rooh-ah)
DrinkGunu (Ngoo-noo)
FoodKakana(Kar-car-nah)
ChurchVale ni lotu (Vah-ley nee low-too)
CoconutNiu (New)
Shop/Store Sitoa(See-toh-ah)-(store)
Earth ovenLovo (Low-voh)
SarongSulu (Sue-loo)

The shifting sand dunes

The shifting sand dunes

www.fijilive.com

The dunes are clearly visible from the main highway just outside Sigatoka.

Near where the Sigatoka River meets the sea on South-Eastern Viti Levu stretches an expanse of barren wind-blown sand that has been the subject of myth and superstition for centuries.

The dunes are clearly visible from the main highway just outside Sigatoka.

All you need to do is park the car at the foot of the dunes and a short, steep ascent up the sands is rewarded with a panoramic view of rolling surf, the mouth of Sigatoka River and a desert-like vista of breathtaking beauty.

The Sigatoka sand dunes are constantly being reformed by wind and tide on the side nearest the sea and have revealed archaeological treasures that have done so much to establish Fiji's earliest human history.

The dunes are the product of fluvial erosion in the coastal hinterland and coastal beach forming process. Eroded rock material from the Sigatoka River's catchment is transported downstream to the river's mouth where a sand bar has developed.
Wave action (long-shore drift) then transports the sand ashore. Strong on-shore winds then further transport the sand in-land, piling it up in the form of dunes. Dunal vegetation reduces Western wind velocity and acts as a sand trap, thereby effectively stabilising and building up the dunes at the same time.

The sand dunes extend from the mouth of the Sigatoka River for a distance of close to five kilometres. The width of this complex system of dunes and inter-dunal hollows (swales) varies from around 200m in the east to 0.8 km in the west

Their average height is 20m but at their high point in the Western Section, they reach in excess of 50 meters. Dunes composed largely of alluvial sands, overlay details and beach deposits.

Their average height is 20m but at their high point in the Western Section, they reach in excess of 50 meters. Dunes composed largely of alluvial sands, overlay details and beach deposits.

For almost half of their total area of approximately 240 hectares dunes are unstable.

Occasionally, as the huge sand dunes shifted with the wind, shards of pottery and human bones were uncovered.

Even today, as the dunes continue their endless movement, new discoveries are being made.

For almost half of their total area of approximately 240 hectares dunes are unstable. Occasionally, as the huge sand dunes shifted with the wind, shards of pottery and human bones were uncovered. Even today, as the dunes continue their endless movement, new discoveries are being made. The mystery of this dune-forming process has been occurring for the last 3500 years.

In those times, the coastal strip was tropical forest with.fertile soil and lay close to rich fishing grounds making it an ideal spot for settlement.

Somewhere around 1,000 BC, migrants believed to be from Vanuatu arrived. Called the Lapita people, evidence of their early settlement has been found in the Sigatoka sand dunes and on Yanuca Island near the present site of The Fijian Hotel.

However, their exact origins and eventual fate are lost in time.

It has been suggested that Fiji's early settlers played a major role in the formation of the sand dunes through deforestation of the Sigatoka River's catchment.

These first settlers may have come and gone unnoticed, but for the ancient shards of pottery that has survived centuries in the sand and triggered modern scientific interest in the area.

There was a second epoch of settlement and it too remains largely unexplained.

The watchful eyes of the coconut

The watchful eyes of the coconut

www.fijilive.com

The legend says that God gave the coconut three eyes, which are represented by three dark indentations at one end of the nut.

Falling coconuts that watch for you! You've heard about how the coconut tree is called the Tree of Life in the Pacific and how versatile it is.

However, have you heard the one about the falling coconuts that watch for you?

According to Fijian legend, there's no need to watch for falling coconuts when you're in the islands, because the coconuts will watch for you.

The legend says that God gave the coconut three eyes, which are represented by three dark indentations at one end of the nut.

Each of the eyes has a job to do: one looks left, one looks right, and the third looks down to make sure there is no one below when it decides to fall from its lofty perch.

Getting hit by a falling coconut would inflict considerable pain, but thanks to the legend of the three eyes, such an accident almost never occurs. Falling coconuts are often heard of but, thankfully, are never felt.

Perhaps it's because of the legend - who knows? One thing's for sure, your head's probably very thankful!

Fiji’s Cannibal History

Step into Fiji’s cannibal history

www.fijlive.com

Udre Udre's grave on the outskirts of Vaileka town. The stones surrounding the grave signify the number of people he is believed to have eaten.

As you turn off the Kings Road in to Vaileka in northern Viti Levu you come across a neatly-kept grave on your right, 12 kilometres before the town.

The neatly-inscribed grave stone and serene surroundings belie the terror with the Fijian chief buried there held sway over the area more than 200 years ago.

Ratu Udre Udre, a tribal chieftain in the area, was the last-known cannibal in Fiji and was known to practice this gruesome feat even after influential chiefs like Ratu Seru Cakobau ceded Fiji to Great Briatin and accepted Christianity.

He is reputed to be the world's most prolific cannibal.

During the 19th century, Ratu Udre Udre reportedly ate more than 99 people. He kept a stone for each body he ate, which were placed alongside his tomb in Rakiraki, in northern Viti Levu.

According to Udre Udre's son, the chief would eat every part of his victims, preserving what he couldn't eat in one sitting for consumption later.
While it is believed that Udre Udre ate over 9000 people, this would have been impossible considering the time it would have taken per person. Actual estimates from the count of grave stones near his grave the count near 872.
The National Museum in Suva has on display part of Udre Udre’s dining table, with several of the actual ceremonial forks used by Fijians to eat human flesh.
The excellent Lonely Planet guide to Fiji gives the following story.
In 1849, some time after Ratu Udreudre's death, the Reverend Richard Lyth, who was staying in Cokova in north-eastern Viti Levu, saw a long line of stones placed together in a row.
Each stone represented one of the chief's victims and amounted to a personal tally of at least 872 corpses, in addition to any eaten in his youth [apparently some of the stones had ben removed].

The Reverend recounted a conversation with Udre Udre's son Ravatu. “Ravatu assured me that his father eat all this number of human beings - he was wont to add a stone to the row for each one he received - they were victims killed in war he eat them all himself - he gave to none,” he said. “However much he had on hand - it was cooked and recooked (by which it was preserved) until it was all consumed - he would keep it in a box so that he might lose none ... he eat but little else, very little vegetable - and being an enormous eater he was able to get through a great deal.”
So next time you’re travelling that As you turn off the Kings Road in to Vaileka in northern Viti Levu you come across a neatly-kept grave on your right, 12 kilometres before the town.


The neatly-inscribed grave stone and serene surroundings belie the terror with the Fijian chief buried there held sway over the area more than 200 years ago.

Ratu Udre Udre, a tribal chieftain in the area, was the last-known cannibal in Fiji and was known to practice this gruesome feat even after influential chiefs like Ratu Seru Cakobau ceded Fiji to Great Briatin and accepted Christianity.

He is reputed to be the world's most prolific cannibal.

During the 19th century, Ratu Udre Udre reportedly ate more than 99 people. He kept a stone for each body he ate, which were placed alongside his tomb in Rakiraki, in northern Viti Levu.

According to Udre Udre's son, the chief would eat every part of his victims, preserving what he couldn't eat in one sitting for consumption later.
While it is believed that Udre Udre ate over 9000 people, this would have been impossible considering the time it would have taken per person. Actual estimates from the count of grave stones near his grave the count near 872.
The National Museum in Suva has on display part of Udre Udre’s dining table, with several of the actual ceremonial forks used by Fijians to eat human flesh.
The excellent Lonely Planet guide to Fiji gives the following story.
In 1849, some time after Ratu Udreudre's death, the Reverend Richard Lyth, who was staying in Cokova in north-eastern Viti Levu, saw a long line of stones placed together in a row.
Each stone represented one of the chief's victims and amounted to a personal tally of at least 872 corpses, in addition to any eaten in his youth [apparently some of the stones had ben removed].
The Reverend recounted a conversation with Udre Udre's son Ravatu.
“Ravatu assured me that his father eat all this number of human beings - he was wont to add a stone to the row for each one he received - they were victims killed in war he eat them all himself - he gave to none,” he said.
“However much he had on hand - it was cooked and recooked (by which it was preserved) until it was all consumed - he would keep it in a box so that he might lose none ... he eat but little else, very little vegetable - and being an enormous eater he was able to get through a great deal.”
So next time you’re travelling that way take a little time to be acquainted with Fiji’s last cannibal.

The giant and his swing

The giant and his swing

www.fijilive.com

Degei...the all powerful snake god

We've all heard of the value of hard work and the danger of idleness. In the Western world, this moral is told through the story of the grasshopper and the ant.

In Fiji, this moral is told through the story of the giant and his swing. High in the mountains of Kadavu, in a small village in Naceva, there lived a family.

They were your average Fijian family, except the youngest child, Bulai, was a giant and was more prone to go off and play rather than go off and work like the rest of his hard-working family.

Bulai left home when he was young and went to live on the mountaintops where he could play all day, uninterrupted.

Bulai, decided to go for a nice swing and sat upon a massive creeper that hung from the biggest tree in the mountain forest.

The meagre sashaying of the normal-sized playground swings we're accustomed to was incomparable to the immense stride of the giant vine swing of Bulai.

With one swift movement, Bulai could soar across the mountains and valleys until he reached Nabukelevu, some 20 miles away from where he started.

With one sweep back on the swing, Bulai passed over the valleys and mountains on the way back and went right across the island until he was right over the sea at the other end of Kadavu.

Bulai would swing backwards and forwards over Kadavu all day long, even swinging right about his family's village. Every time he passed it, he observed his family hard at work.

One swing forward, he could see them hiking to the forest to the yam gardens; on the swing back, he saw them digging up the yams.

Another time, he saw them climbing the coconut trees and cutting the leaves to weave into baskets; another swing back and Bulai observed them placing the yams into the completed baskets and lugging the heavy loads to the village.

Again, with another swing, he saw them struggling on their way home through the slippery mud up and down the rough terrain.

Bulai continued swinging into the evening and continued to observe his family each time he passed overhead.

As always, they were never idle, always attending to some task. The women gathered the firewood and at night fires were lit to roast the yams they had collected laboriously.

Just as his family were about to enjoy the fruits of their labour, Bulai swung down and snatched the delicious yams before they could even get a taste of the fresh, piping-hot treat.

They were undoubtedly miffed at this, but being the genial, industrious people that they were, they simply went out to get more yams.


However, when Bulai continued to nick their food and quickly escape with the help of his massive swing, they agreed that he must be stopped, somehow.

They tried yelling at him, but Bulai simply laughed and ignored their scolding. One day, two men from his village decided on another tactic.

They hiked up the mountains until they reached the top and found the giant tree, which held the notorious swing. They climbed the tree and found the particular creeper that Bulai used as his swing.

In fact, Bulai was still swinging gleefully on it, not even realizing that there were two intruders just above him.

With stone axes, the two men hacked at the vine until it broke in two and fell down far into the valley below. The vine coiled and entangled Bulai on the way down. Bulai met his doom and died instantly.

It is said that in a small village somewhere in Naceva there are two large white stones that look like the bones of a giant.

The villagers refer to them as Bulai's bones and every time they look at them, they are reminded of his idle folly and say, "Those who think only of pleasure and leave all the work to others will come to a bad end!"