Tuesday, August 5, 2008

Fijian Governance system

Governance system
www.fijitimes.com - Tuesday, August 05, 2008


ANY government which attempts to force traditional leadership upon the people, does so at enormous risk.

For in attempting to interfere with an age-old process, it fosters misunderstandings, misgivings and a general suspicion on the part of the community.

The interim administration has stated unequivocally that it does not accept the right of a number of members of the Great Council of Chiefs to represent their people in this organisation.

This stand is in line with its decision to exclude certain people from the proposed electoral process.

We have always been of the opinion that there must be a separation between the traditional process and that of the government.

A chief who decides to stand for Parliament must be willing to accept criticism on the floor of the House and be prepared to answer tough questions from parliamentarians and constituents.

That is the nature of politics.

No chief who enters politics should feel that he or she is immune from such questions or criticism.

Chiefly status is no protection in the world of politics.

Any chief who breaks the law cannot claim immunity by virtue of traditional status for the two systems are mutually exclusive.

We accept that traditional leaders must be accountable for their actions and we support the mechanisms which are embedded in the indigenous system to ensure accountability.

The indigenous people more than ever before are using these systems to force their leaders to abide by the time-honoured code through which they care for and are responsible to the people.

Reciprocity is the cornerstone of the traditional Fijian system. As part of this system the chiefs own nothing but the allegiance and honour of their people.

To maintain this honour, the chiefs must provide decisive, committed leadership by example.

In the past, chiefs who did not abide by the code were removed by the people.

There is no reason why the indigenous population cannot do the same again in the context of village, district or provincial meetings using the systems which exist.

What cannot be allowed to happen is for the interim administration to decide who is a chief suitable to be on the GCC.

Nor, for that matter, should the council decide who forms the government.

Sunday, August 3, 2008

Rewa Vunivalu Appointed

Rewa appoints Ro Epeli as Vunivalu
Sunday, August 03, 2008

MEMBERS of mataqali Nukunitabua have appointed former senator Ro Epeli Mataitini as the new Vunivalu of Rewa.

The four sub clans or tokatoka that make up the mataqali made the decision at a meeting in Lomanikoro last week.

Members said a simple veivagunuvi or yaqona ceremony to mark his assuming the role would be held on August 16.

"There will be a church service, yaqona ceremony then a kana vata (feast)," a mataqali member said.

Ro Epeli was a senior member of the Soqosoqo ni Vakavulewa ni Taukei and member of the House of Representatives.

Under the leadership of Ratu Tu'uakitau Cokanauto he was a member of the GCC taskforce that reviewed the council and its membership law.

However in the second round he was excluded from the committee.

The Yavusa Vasu will conduct the ceremony for the four sub clans.

In olden days he would be the warlord on which the paramount chief would rely upon to fight wars.

Today he still acts as protector of the Roko Tui Dreketi and close confidante.

Wednesday, July 30, 2008

Fijian chief to escort the king

Fijian chief to escort the king
SAKIASI NAWAIKAMA
www.fijitimes.com - Wednesday, July 30, 2008



A FIJIAN chief will escort Tonga's King Tupou from the palace to his seat on coronation day.

The role of the Tui Soso, from Nukunuku Village, in Lakeba, will be a feature of the ceremony governed by strict protocol. Yesterday, thousands of school children converged at Teufaiva Stadium to pay their respects to their king with performances that captivated the hearts of locals and invited dignitaries.

Interim Prime Minister Commodore Voreqe Bainimarama arrived in Tonga at 10am yesterday with his wife Mary and missed out on the educational cultural day. He enjoyed an afternoon walk with his wife by the seawall near the palace, escorted by two Tongan guards.

Also arriving in the island kingdom yesterday were heads of state from Samoa, French Polynesia, Marshall Islands and a representative from the Niue premier.

Part of the educational culutral day celebrations included the lakalaka, kailao, Fa'ahula, a school brass band march and the ma'ulu'ulu performance that consisted of a large number of performers as never seen before in Tonga.

Leader of the Fijian community in Tonga Josateki Wainiqolo yesterday met Commodore Bainimarama and was told interim Foreign Affairs Minister Ratu Epeli Nailatikau and his wife Adi Koila would represent the vanua and Fiji Government at today's traditional installation ceremony.

Mr Wainiqolo said Ratu Epeli and Adi Koila would lead the Fiji delegation in the presentation of traditional gifts today at the traditional installation of King George Tupou V.

The ceremony has no legislative or executive powers and its membership consists of nobles who themselves have been installed into ancient hereditary titles belonging to several aristocratic lineages which formed the power base of the Tu'i Kanokupolu dynasty.

This was when King George Taufa'ahau Tupou I in 1875 pronounced Tonga a constitutional monarchy.

Sunday, July 20, 2008

Land disputes put economy at risk

Land disputes put economy at risk

7/20/2008 - www.sun.com.fj


By WAME BAUTOLU

Land and chiefly titles disputes risk Fiji's economy as well as its communities, a lawyer warned yesterday.

If the country had adopted a tribunal like the Waitangi Tribunal in 1987, then we might have fewer chiefly and land disputes.

Senior counsel to the Great Council of Chiefs Kitione Vuataki said trying to simulate legislation like the Treaty of Waitangi Act in New Zealand or the Native Title Act in Australia or the Restitution of Land Rights Act in South Africa may take time.

He said it was a lawyer's duty to find paths trodden by first nations in America, the Maoris in New Zealand and the natives in Africa through which resolutions may be found for claims on crown breaches.

"It is also the responsibility of those who appoint tribunal members that look into chiefly title disputes to also have on board those who know the ambits of their powers, the rights to fair procedure and the application of customary law on succession when it is found," said Mr Vuataki. He stressed the chiefs in their wisdom recognised this in 1987 in proposing a tribunal and that was why the government was under intense pressure to pass such legislation after 2000.

"In 1987 the GCC submitted a recommendation to the then President Ratu Sir Penaia Ganilau that a tribunal be set up like the Waitangi Tribunal to look into disputes raised by their people on lands that were purportedly sold and had become freehold or which had been alienated by Governor Im Thurn or which otherwise should be returned to them," he said.

Mr Vuataki said this recommendation was contained in a submission on the proposed first Constitution of the Fiji Islands which ultimately became the 1990 Constitution.

This recommendation did not see the light of day until the Qarase Government and the Attorney's General Office started to look seriously into the issue by sending a team to New Zealand and a draft Bill was proposed.

"The Bill was to set up a tribunal with jurisdiction to inquire into claims or grievances of Fijians on behalf of any of their divisions or subdivision who have been prejudiced by past Acts, current Acts or policy of government," said Mr Vuetaki.

The fear of state lessees that transfer of state land to native owners would prejudice their interest was unfounded as transfer of Schedule A and B lands from the state to native owners included a transfer of leases over such land being transferred to the NLTB for administration.

"Nevertheless for some reason this particular Bill was cited as one of the reasons for the military coup of December 06, 2006 in the ousting of the Qarase Government," said Mr Vuataki.

Friday, July 18, 2008

Ask Ratu Meli Bainimarama?

Ask Ratu Meli Bainimarama
www.fijivillage.com - 16/07/2008


Interim Finance Minister Mahendra Chaudhry has directed all queries regarding Colonel Apakuki Kurusiga's Investigation team to the Permanent Secretary for Fijian Affairs Ratu Meli Bainimarama.This follows revelations that the Native Land Trust Board (NLTB) had written to the Finance Ministry to reimburse more than $130,000 used by the Independent team appointed to investigate Fijian Institutions which was led by Colonel Kurusiga.Chaudhry said all these queries will be best answered by Ratu Meli who could not be reached for a comment.It has been revealed that the NLTB financed the Independent Team which was disbanded in March this year and NLTB and FAB were the only institutions investigated.NLTB officials say the $130,000 used was taken from landowners coffers and was used to pay for the team's $100 allowance per day, hotel accommodation and transport for the 6 member team comprising of Colonel Kurusiga, Ratu Luke Yavaca, Major Timoci Tuisawau, Ponipate Lesavua and Kalaveti Batibasaga.Fijivillage had also been reliably informed that there was some sort of agreement that the NLTB money used by the Colonel Kurusiga team would be reimbursed by the Finance Ministry, however, NLTB is still waiting for the money to be paid back and they are now concerned as nothing has been forthcoming.

Customary law ‘should be in legal system’

Customary law ‘should be in legal system’
www.fijilive.com - 18 JULY 2008


Customary laws regarding land should be incorporated into the legal system so the economic viability of landowning units in Fiji can be considered.The suggestion has come from Fiji Law society president Isireli Fa at the society’s annual convention at the Westin Resort, Denarau.Fa started the convention proper with a case study on Fiji’s customary land law and the problems surrounding the land issue in Fiji.He said the problems faced in terms of settling land issues and making decisions regarding land can be traced back to the Deed of Cession and the failure of those in power to define and regulate land issues.Fa said first problem to be looked at is the customary laws and how they can be incorporated into the legal system.He suggests that regulation be drafted to govern the issue of communal ownership of land and to find out who has what say in deciding how the land is to be used. The Suva lawyer says an inability to do this led to conflict within landowning units.Fa said the issue of land had now become an economic matter with the newer generations pressing for more investment and usage of land. He added that this issue within the chiefly system has been taboo.“There is now a greater need for customary laws to be recognised because this will be the first step in solving the greatest disputed issue in Fiji,” he said.Panellist Dr Ganesh Chand questioned which customary law was to be recognised, taking into consideration the racial and ethnic composition of Fiji. He said there would always be differences on the issue.Another panellist Ro Filipe Tuisawau said customary law and native land should be left to the indigenous community because they were the true owners of land in Fiji.

Thursday, July 17, 2008

REFLECTIONS ON THE LATE VUNIVALU OF REWA, WAY OF THE CHIEFS

By Robert Matau

SUVA, Fiji (Fiji Times, July 15, 2008)

The Vunivalu of Rewa, often the chief behind the scenes of all things Rewa, actually commands the fierce loyalty of his people.

This was evident last week as the people of Rewa commemorated the end of mourning for the late Ro Jone Mataitini.

[PIR editor’s note: Rewa province is located in southeast Viti Levu Island and is where Fiji’s national capital of Suva is situated.]

The Vunivalu is the traditional warrior-chief who keeps the affairs of his people close to heart.

The Vunivalu also enjoys the support of half the people of Rewa (the other half, of course coming under the Roko Tui Dreketi)

The four mataqali that first settled in Rewa were Nukunitabua, Yavusavasu, Burenivalu and Nakauraki, who are now living in Vutia.

Lomanikoro and Vutia people affectionately call each other Drega, but refer to the Yavusa Nakauraki in Vutia as Mataqali.

Ro Jone was always close to the late Roko Tui Dreketi Ro Lady Lala Mara.

His only surviving brother is former Senator Ro Epeli Mataitini, currently NLTB board member and most likely next in line for the Vunivalu title.

He has three surviving sisters, Ro Saunalewa (mother of Permanent Secretary for Tourism Environment Ro Banuve Kaumaitotoya), Ro Litiana, and Ro Qereitoga (mother-in-law of Ro Filipe Tuisawau).

The vow by his nephew last week Ro Aca Mataitini, while presenting the magiti vakavanua to the vanua of Rewa and the paramount chief of Rewa, Ro Teimumu Kepa was another age-old assurance.

He was pledging what his ancestors had done many centuries before.

Since the first Roko Tui Dreketi, Ro Rawalai was installed by the vanua of Rewa on Lomanikoro it has been the Vunivalu's, and the tribes he commanded, solemn vow to lead the vanua in protecting their chief.

The book "Customs of the Fiji Group," written by United States Commodore Charles Wilkes in the early 1880s, describes how the Vunivalu would summon his troops in preparation for war.

He said as the troops near their enemy, the Vunivalu, or general, makes a speech to each separate tribe.

He (Vunivalu) would use praises and taunts, or exhortation, as he thinks best suited to the purpose, to excite them to deeds of bravery.

Words like, "You say you are a brave people."

"You have made great promises, now we will see how you keep them. To me you look more like slaves than fighting men. Here are strangers come to fight us. Let us see who the best men are. To another tribe he would say: Where do you come from?"

Wilkes writes that this would provoke one of the tribesmen to strike the ground with his club and reply by naming the name of his foundations which Fijians refer to as dela ni yavu tabu.

Then the Vunivalu would reply: "Ah. I have heard of you; you boast yourselves to be brave men; we shall see what you are; I doubt whether you will do much. You seem to be more like men fit to plant and dig yams than to fight."

Rewa was settled from Verata by Roko Ratu (who was also known as Ro Melasiga) and was Rokomoutu the first Koya Na Ratu Mai Verata's younger brother.

Commodore Wilkes noted that the Roko Tui Dreketi had their own pennant - the flag that only chiefs of high rank possess.

The colour of that flag was four or five vertical black and white stripes.

He noted too that the Vunivalu of Rewa also had his own flag which was black and white horizontal stripes. Testament to his own high status.

Last week we revealed how the grandsons of Verata were granted pennants for taking part in the race at Walu in Verata including Vuetiverata the first Roko Tui Bau and then principle chief of Bau.

The patriarch Lutunasobasoba's children in order include: Buisavulu, Rokomautu, Rokoratu or Romelasiga, Tuinayavu, Daunisai and Sagavulunavuda.

David Routledge states in his book Matanitu that Rokoratu travelled from the Verata coast to Rewa in his canoe at Namako' and settled at Dreketi in the southwest coast of the delta.

But before Roko Ratu arrived, the yavusa Burenivalu were already living there and apparently were led to Lomanikoro by the Vunivalu himself.

The Burenivalu are made up of the six villages of Nadoi, Drekena, Vunuku, Narocivo Tavuya and Lokia.

The Drekena serenaders sing in their song about Rewa - the abundance of the moci (baby prawns), kuka (small crabs), bonu (eels that dwell in the mangroves) and mana (mud lobster) because these are the dishes that the Burenivalu pamper their chiefs with.

It is understood that Ro Rawalai arrived at Burebasaga when the Vunivalu and the Burenivalu were settled in Lomanikoro.

"One of our elders went up to the chief one day while doing chores for him in Burebasaga and standing a little distance away he opened a fresh parcel of rourou vaka utona - or moci baby prawns wrapped in rourou or dalo leaves," he said.

"As the smoky scent of the food aroused the young chief's taste buds, the elder of the Burenivalu clan started talking to the chief.

"He told the chief that if he wanted to eat such food he should cross the river and resettle with the Burenivalu in Lomanikoro."

Until this day the Burenivalu continue to perform this function and prepare the special delicacy for their chief.

There are other tales of the Burenivalu and their turtle catchers who do not go deep sea fishing but simply drag in beached turtles, as if they were steered to land, when the Roko Tui Dreketi wants to feed the vanua for a special function. Where some would call these things tales others refer to it as sau or mystical powers.

When the chief Ro Rawalai moved, however, he maintained the name Burebasaga in memory and out of respect for his old home while the chiefs in Burebasaga maintained the title Roko Tuni Mata Dreketi.

Ro Aca said the first title they bestowed upon Ro Rawalai was Tui Dreketi.

That changed later to Roko Tui Dreketi to give significance to the vast areas they were to lead.

Some members of the Vunivalu tribes in Namosi moved to Serua then on to Rewa.

Last week we related how Rokomautu's second eldest son, Rovarovaivalu left Verata and settled in Levuka then travelled to Namosi confirming the common names of the two vanua (Nabukebuke). It is most likely that branches of the same tribes resettled in the islet opposite Nasali Landing and eventually at Lomanikoro.

Today the people of Rewa call Verata people Mataqali in recognition of these close ties.

But in recognition of the Vunivalu's status, the tribes of the Burenivalu who accompanied the Vunivalu, are divided into two one lot under the Roko Tui Dreketi and the other under the Vunivalu.

Legend has it that when Roko Ratu had settled in Rewa his brother visited him from Verata and they travelled to Suva where they divided the borders of land.

Roko Ratu later installed his own son Ro Rawalai as the chief giving him the title Tui Dreketi, Routledge states in Matanitu.

As his home was in Dreketi they name the area today as Vuniyavu or origins or foundations.

When Ro Aca pledged, last week that if anyone left the Roko Tui Dreketi, the Vunivalu clans would stick by the chief's side, he was pledging and cementing the ancient ties that have kept the vanua of Rewa together ever since the Vunivalu arrived in Rewa.

He was also calling on his own tribes, just like those before him, to stand by their chief and rise to their various calling.

Fiji Times Online: http://www.fijitimes.com.